The direct use of enzymatic biofuel cells as functional bioelectronics

Enzymatic biofuel cells (EBFCs) are a subgroup of fuel that use enzymes as catalysts. EBFCs utilize physiological substrates such glucose or lactate great interest implantable wearable power sources to activate medical devices. This contribution introduces the working principles and summarizes recent progress in EBFC-enabled biosensors, pulse generators, therapy. Biosensors with self-powered characteristic enjoy high selectivity, leading potential “instrument-free” “expensive-instrument-free” measurement. Autonomous generation is based on hybrid EBFC supercapacitor, which promising for application related electrostimulation. By providing direct electrical stimulation, controllably releasing drug, can also be used therapeutic system. The further combination sensing treating enables possible platform diagnostics therapeutics. Future efforts focused resolving limited density lifetime EBFC. • enzymatic bioelectronics reviewed. enable instrument-free biosensing. autonomous generation. leads various systems.